辣椒新品种桂牛5号的选育

桂牛5号是以自交系Ca1-5-1为母本,以自交系Ca1-3-8为父本配制而成的牛角椒一代杂种。中早熟,植株生长势较强,连续坐果能力强;果实长牛角形,果长25～30 cm,果肩宽3.5～4.0 cm,单果质量125 g左右;青熟果黄绿色,老熟果鲜红色,商品性好,微辣,果实干物质含量7.88%,VC含量1?530 mg · kg~(-1),辣椒素含量0.023%,宜鲜食,耐贮运;田间对病毒病、炭疽病、疫病的抗性强于对照黄美龙,露地栽培鲜椒产量3?500 kg · (667 m~2)~(-1)左右,适宜广西、广东等地春、秋露地种植。     

叶用芥菜新品种甬雪5号的选育

甬雪5号是以胞质雄性不育系07-50A为母本,以自交系09-3-1为父本配制而成的晚熟叶用芥菜(雪里蕻)一代杂种。播种至采收约112 d(天)。株型开展,生长势强,叶浅绿色,倒卵形,叶缘浅锯齿,叶裂刻深裂,叶面微皱、有光泽。平均有效蘖数26个,单株质量约1.1 kg,一般每667 m~2产量5?000 kg左右。抗病毒病(TuMV),加工品质优良,适宜在长江流域种植。     

菜用豌豆尖专用品种云豌1号的选育

云豌1号是以食荚90-17(无须蔓生品种)为母本,以食荚大菜豌(矮生品种)为父本进行杂交,经系统选育而成的矮生无须菜用豌豆新品种。植株直立矮生,株高50～60 cm,复叶无须(即卷须退化),营养体发达,叶片肥厚,嫩梢纤维少,幼苗质地柔软,食用品质佳,VC含量34.9 mg · kg~(-1),总黄酮含量3?290 mg · kg~(-1)。一般每667 m~2可产嫩尖850～1?200 kg,适宜云南省海拔1?100～2?400 m的豌豆产区或南方生境相似的秋播豌豆产区种植。     

不同种衣剂处理对青瓜生长及产量影响的研究

为探讨几种新型种衣剂在青瓜种子上的应用效果,研究了先正达迈舒平、氟虫腈、路明卫、高巧4种种衣剂对青瓜生长势、产量及抗病性的影响。结果表明:4种供试种衣剂均能不同程度地影响青瓜生长发育、产量及病害抗性。综合考虑生长势、产量等因素,表现为高巧悬浮种衣剂>先正达迈舒平悬浮种衣剂>氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂>路明卫悬浮种衣剂;在霜霉病、疫病的综合抗性上,表现为路明卫悬浮种衣剂>氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂>先正达迈舒平悬浮种衣剂>高巧悬浮种衣剂,4种供试种衣剂处理均能在一定程度上抑制霜霉病、疫病的发生。     

基于荧光光谱的辣椒种子品种识别

为了提高辣椒种子品种鉴别效率,实现辣椒种子品种快速无损鉴别,研究了一种基于荧光光谱的辣椒种子品种快速无损识别方法。选择同一系列相似辣椒种子的杂交品种卓椒3号、卓椒4号和卓椒5号为研究对象,分别采集辣椒种子的荧光光谱56份,对原始光谱进行Savitzky-Golay(SG)卷积平滑和一阶导数(first derivative,FD)预处理;采用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)方法提取主成分,实现数据降维;采用Fisher判别分析方法建立辣椒种子品种识别模型。结果显示:采用荧光光谱建立判别模型时,卓椒3号辣椒种子的品种识别正确率达到92.9%,卓椒4号、卓椒5号辣椒种子的品种识别正确率均达到100.0%,整体识别正确率达到97.6%;采用荧光光谱的一阶导数光谱建立判别模型时,卓椒3号、卓椒4号、卓椒5号辣椒种子的品种识别正确率均达到100.0%,整体识别正确率达到100.0%。研究结果表明,种子叶绿素荧光光谱结合化学计量学方法能够有效识别辣椒种子品种。     

低聚半乳糖干预缓解肠道炎症的研究进展

肠道炎症已成为我国社会健康的难题和挑战，其发病率在我国迅速增长。肠道炎症发病原因复杂，目前尚缺乏有效的缓解药物，因此加强肠道炎症有效缓解物质的研发至关重要。低聚半乳糖（galactooligosaccharide，GOS）是一种食疗益生性较优的乳源功能性低聚糖，能够有效促进肠道内益生菌的增殖，改变肠道菌群结构，刺激免疫应答，进而改善肠黏膜屏障功能，缓解肠道炎症。本文综述近年来国内外有关肠道炎症及GOS干预缓解肠道炎症作用的研究进展，并对其应用前景进行展望，为此领域的研究提供科学依据。     

Ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae attenuates mouse acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride via modulation of NF-κB pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae on acute liver injury, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Acute liver injury in mice was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 25% carbon tetrachloride (olive oil solubilization). The effective parts of ethanol extract from Cortex Albizziae against acute liver injury were screened. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological sections with HE staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissues were detected, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were mea-sured by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver cells of the mice in each group were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the serum levels of AST and ALT in low-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-L, 4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group and high-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-H, 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group were significantly decreased. The necrosis extent and degree of the hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower than that in model group. Compared with model group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in AB-H group and AB-L group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein level of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei of mouse liver cells in AB-H group and AB-L group were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the protein expression of Bax was decreased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in AB-L group and AB-H group. CONCLUSION:The n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae may protect the liver by reducing the activation of NF-κB p65, inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression.     

水稻OsUBA基因的表达及其在促进种子萌发和开花中的功能

自噬是将功能异常或不需要的胞内组分降解的细胞学过程,广泛参与真核生物的生长发育过程、对营养缺乏的响应及生物/非生物胁迫反应。NBR1 (Next to BRCA1 gene 1, NBR1)是在植物中发现的最重要的自噬受体,但有关植物NBR1类自噬受体的研究较少,水稻中此类蛋白的研究还是空白。本文通过RT-PCR方法,从水稻日本晴幼苗的cDNA中克隆到一个含有泛素相关结构域(Ubiquitinassociated,UBA)的基因,将其命名为OsUBA。OsUBA的开放阅读框长2538 bp,编码845个氨基酸残基。OsUBA属于水稻中的NBR1类蛋白。OsUBA的启动子区有多个与光、逆境胁迫及激素反应相关的元件; OsUBA基因在水稻花药、正在萌发的种子以及根中的表达量较高,在茎和叶中也有表达; 200μmol L~(–1) ABA处理显著抑制OsUBA的表达,100μmol L~(–1) GA处理后OsUBA的表达略有升高。对OsUBA过表达水稻株系的研究表明,转基因水稻种子的萌发比野生型更快, ABA (3μmol L~(–1))处理显著抑制OsUBA过表达水稻株系种子的萌发, GA (100μmol L~(–1))处理对OsUBA过表达水稻株系种子的萌发略有促进;OsUBA过表达水稻株系的开花时间较野生型明显提前。这些结果表明,水稻NBR1蛋白基因OsUBA的表达和功能可能与对开花时间和种子萌发的调控以及生物/非生物胁迫反应有关。     

盐胁迫对膜荚黄芪种子萌发的影响

为了保护并开发膜荚黄芪,同时改良盐碱地,研究了3种不同盐（中性盐NaCl、碱性盐Na₂CO₃和复盐）对膜荚黄芪种子发芽率、发芽势、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和相对电导率的影响。结果表明,不同盐胁迫对膜荚黄芪种子的影响不同,随着盐浓度的增加,黄芪种子的发芽率和发芽势逐渐降低;低浓度的NaCl和复盐可提高抗氧化酶活性,Na₂CO₃处理随着其浓度增加对抗氧化酶活性的抑制作用增强;各处理均增大了丙二醛含量和相对电导率;NaCl和复盐处理降低了膜荚黄芪种子可溶性蛋白含量,Na₂CO₃处理的可溶性蛋白含量随盐浓度增加而增加,综合各项指标可得同等盐浓度条件下胁迫作用由强到弱为Na₂CO₃>NaCl>复盐。